Chess
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History of Chess
The history of chess spans some 1500 years. The earliest predecessors of the game originated in India, before the 6th century AD. From India, the game spread to Persia. When the Arabs conquered Persia, chess was taken up by the Muslim world and subsequently spread to Southern Europe. In Europe, chess evolved into its current form in the 15th century. In the second half of the 19th century, modern chess tournament play began, and the first world Chess Championship was held in 1886. The 20th century saw great leaps forward in chess theory and the establishment of the World Chess Federation (FIDE). Developments in the 21st century include use of computers for analysis, which originated in the 1970s with the first programmed chess games on the market. Online gaming appeared in the mid 1990's.
India- Chaturanga - "four divisions (of the military)" infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry, represented by the pieces that would evolve into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively.
Persia- Chatrang which subsequently evolved to shatranj the rules were developed further, and players started calling "Shāh!" (Persian for "King!") when attacking the opponent's king, and "Shāh māt!" (Persian for "the king is helpless" –when the king was attacked and could not escape from attack; these exclamations persisted in chess as it traveled to other lands thereafter.
Mongols call the game shatar, and in Ethiopia it is called senterej, both evidently derived from shatranj.
In some parts of India the pieces in the places of the Rook and Knight and Bishop were renamed by words meaning (in this order) Boat, Horse, Elephant, or Elephant, Horse, Camel, but keeping the same moves.[17]
In early chess the moves of the pieces were:
Mongolia Chess is recorded from Mongolian-inhabited areas, where the pieces are now called:
1. Boris Spassky (Russia) 1969-1972
2. Bobby Fischer (U.S.A.) 1972-1975
3. Anatoly Karpov (Russia) 1975-1985
4. Garry Kasparov (Russia) 1985-?
Chess Pieces, moves, way of capturing and their value:
Abbreviations:
The history of chess spans some 1500 years. The earliest predecessors of the game originated in India, before the 6th century AD. From India, the game spread to Persia. When the Arabs conquered Persia, chess was taken up by the Muslim world and subsequently spread to Southern Europe. In Europe, chess evolved into its current form in the 15th century. In the second half of the 19th century, modern chess tournament play began, and the first world Chess Championship was held in 1886. The 20th century saw great leaps forward in chess theory and the establishment of the World Chess Federation (FIDE). Developments in the 21st century include use of computers for analysis, which originated in the 1970s with the first programmed chess games on the market. Online gaming appeared in the mid 1990's.
India- Chaturanga - "four divisions (of the military)" infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry, represented by the pieces that would evolve into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively.
Persia- Chatrang which subsequently evolved to shatranj the rules were developed further, and players started calling "Shāh!" (Persian for "King!") when attacking the opponent's king, and "Shāh māt!" (Persian for "the king is helpless" –when the king was attacked and could not escape from attack; these exclamations persisted in chess as it traveled to other lands thereafter.
Mongols call the game shatar, and in Ethiopia it is called senterej, both evidently derived from shatranj.
In some parts of India the pieces in the places of the Rook and Knight and Bishop were renamed by words meaning (in this order) Boat, Horse, Elephant, or Elephant, Horse, Camel, but keeping the same moves.[17]
In early chess the moves of the pieces were:
- King: as now.
- Queen: one square diagonally, only.
- Bishop:
- In the version that went into Persia: two squares diagonally (no more or less), but could jump over a piece between
- In a version sometimes found in India in former times: two squares sideways or front-and-back (no more or less), but could jump over a piece between.
- In versions found in Southeast Asia: one square diagonally, or one square forwards.
- Knight: as now.
- Rook: as now.
- Pawn: one square forwards (not two), capturing one square diagonally forward; promoted to queen only.
Mongolia Chess is recorded from Mongolian-inhabited areas, where the pieces are now called:
- King: - Noyon - Ноён - lord
- Queen - Bers / Nohoi - Бэрс / Нохой - dog (to guard the livestock)
- Bishop: - Temē - Тэмээ - camel
- Knight- Morĭ - Морь - horse
- Rook - Tereg - Тэрэг - cart
- Pawn - Hū - Хүү - boy (the piece often showed a puppy
1. Boris Spassky (Russia) 1969-1972
2. Bobby Fischer (U.S.A.) 1972-1975
3. Anatoly Karpov (Russia) 1975-1985
4. Garry Kasparov (Russia) 1985-?
Chess Pieces, moves, way of capturing and their value:
- King – one square at a time and captures in same way. 0
- Queen- to any square horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, and captures in the same way. 9
- Rook- to any square vertically or horizontally and Captures in same way. 5
- Bishop- to any square diagonally, one direction at a time and capture in same way. 3
- Knight- is the only piece that can leap over other units in a letter L formation comprising of 3 squares. 3
- Pawn- The pawn has a curios properties, it can only move forward, one square at a time, except that the first time it moves, it can advance, two squares. And it capture diagonally forward on an adjacent square. 1
Abbreviations:
- King- k
- Queen- Q
- Rook- R
- Bishop- B
- Knight- N
- Pawn- P
- Capture- X
- to- -
- Check- ch
- double check- dbl ch
- en passant- e.p
- good move- !
- very good move - !!
- bad move- ?
- very bad move- ??
- Castling Queen side- o-o-o
- Castling King side- o-o